Contraindications to acupuncture needling
- Pregnancy
- Pacemaker use
- Mechanical heart valve in place
- Coagulopathy (e.g. hemophilia, anticoagulants)
- Immunocompromised conditions (e.g. cancers, diabetic, HIV)
- Open or infected skin
Potential Adverse effects to acupuncture needling
- Tissue trauma: Bruising, bleeding
- Vasovagal effects: Nausea, syncope
- Broken needles
- Transient worsening of symptoms
- Infections
- Perforation of organs